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3	"Water is a “carrier..." Water is a “carrier vessel” of hard water minerals due to the naturally attractive ionic charges between the minerals and the water. Hard water mineral salts start out as limestone rock in the earth. As water flows by the rock, it creates a potential, which is the attractive force, and can be measured by voltage. The potential between the water and the rock dissolves the rock (mineral salts) and carries the dissolved minerals up to the surface, and from there into a site’s or building’s water system. The plumbing, regardless of whether it is plastic, copper or steel, has a greater potential than the water. It therefore attracts the minerals in what is referred to as seeding, nucleating and crystallizing back into scale. The scaling builds rapidly at all heating (phase change) surfaces in the water heater or boiler.
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